H-Ala-Ala-OH (L-Alanyl-L-alanine; Ala-Ala) is a nonpolar dipeptide that is absorbed by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The transport of alanine (Ala), like proton/amino acid symport, can lead to cytoplasmic acidification.

乙酰水杨酸，也称为阿司匹林，是一种氨基水杨酸盐抗炎药，用于治疗炎症性肠病。

Physalaemin是一种非哺乳动物类的速激肽，选择性地高亲和力结合到神经激肽-1 (NK1) 受体。