丙咪嗪（盐酸盐）是第一代三环类抗抑郁药，主要作为血清素和去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白的抑制剂（Kds 分别为 1.4 和 37 nM）。

GIP receptor antagonist (IC50 = 2.6μM). Inhibits GIP-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic β cells in vitro. In ob/ob mice, blocks the effects of GIP on insulin release and plasma glucose levels. Also improves intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose response to feeding in ob/ob mice.

High affinity apelin receptor agonist (Ki = 14 nM). Bioactive fragment of ELA-32. Inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment in vitro.