Human proinsulin, the single-chain peptide precursor of insulin, consists of the insulin A and B chains connected by the 31 amino acid C-peptide. Cleavage of proinsulin by proteolytic enzymes produces insulin and free C-peptide.

3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮 (AOZ) 是呋喃唑酮的代谢产物。常作为体内呋喃唑酮残留的指示剂进行检测。

MALAT1-IN-1 以剂量依赖性方式调节 Malat1 下游基因，而不影响核富集丰富转录物 1 (Neat1) 的表达。