(-)-Epiafzelechin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin-induced mouse paw edema, it exhibits a dose-dependent inhibition on the COX activity with an IC50 value of 15 microM, it exhibits about 3-fold weaker inhibitory potency on the enzyme activity than indomethacin as a positive control.

Valeroyl Salicylate 是一种非甾体类抗炎剂，可以延长寿命，延缓年龄依赖性运动能力下降，并增强抗应激能力。

Carmine (Carmine red) 是一种天然的红色染料，从干燥的雌性昆虫 Dactylopius coccus var. Costa (胭脂虫)中提取出来的。Carmine 是一种广泛使用的食品添加剂。Carmine 会引起超敏反应。