16-Epivoacarpine 是来自钩吻花的天然产物。

Difopein (TFA), a specific and competitive inhibitor of 14-3-3 protein (a highly conserved eukaryotic regulatory molecule), blocking the ability of 14-3-3 to bind to target proteins and inhibits 14-3-3/Ligand interactions. Difopein (TFA) leads to induction of apoptosis and enhances the ability of cisplatin to kill cells.

α-酮异戊酸是一种异常代谢物，由支链氨基酸的不完全分解产生。 α-酮异戊酸是一种神经毒素、酸原和代谢毒素。