Apelin biased agonist; exhibits bias for the G protein pathway. Stimulates endothelial NOS phosphorylation and expression, promotes proliferation, and attenuates apoptosis of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in vitro. Shows positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects in vivo and improves cardiac structure and function in a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

草酸是一种强二羧酸，存在于许多植物和蔬菜中。它是通过乙醛酸或抗坏血酸的代谢在体内产生的。它不被代谢，而是通过尿液排出。用作分析试剂和通用还原剂。

3/4A, Dengue Protease Substrate