Potent, high affinity apelin receptor agonist (IC50 = 0.27 nM; Kd = 0.51 nM). Exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. Activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. Also potentiates the TGFβ pathway, priming hESCs toward the endoderm lineage. Stimulates angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. Relaxes mouse aortic vessels. Functions as an anorexigenic hormone through activation of the AVP and CRH neurons in the PVN.

ML224 (NCGC00242364) 是一种选择性的 TSHR 拮抗剂，其 IC50 值为 2.1 μM。ML224 可用于巴塞杜氏病及其他甲状腺疾病的研究。

Gastrin Releasing Peptide (1-16), human