This is a effectively agonistic peptide (mimotope) for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. It can stimulate BDC2.5 cells with cells showing good response to this mimotope. 1040-31 peptide is specific for BDC2.5 TCR Tg+ (transgenic) T cells. This peptide is also known as p31.

Lipopolysaccharides, Escherichiacoli (E. coli O111:B4) are derived from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and are a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They are composed of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides, Escherichiacoli help maintain the integrity of the cell outer membrane and protect bacteria from bile salts and lipid antibiotics.

WKYMVM 2TFA 是一种 N-甲酰肽受体 (FPR1) 激动剂。WKYMVM 通过 FPRL1 激活中性粒细胞，而 FPRL2 是骨髓细胞中转导信号的趋化受体。使用从 28 名 AL 患者和 31 名健康对照中抽取的血液样本发现，在没有外源性 WKYMVm 的情况下，患者和对照组之间的 WKYMVm 受体和杀菌活性没有差异。