Potent, high affinity apelin receptor agonist (IC50 = 0.27 nM; Kd = 0.51 nM). Exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. Activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. Also potentiates the TGFβ pathway, priming hESCs toward the endoderm lineage. Stimulates angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. Relaxes mouse aortic vessels. Functions as an anorexigenic hormone through activation of the AVP and CRH neurons in the PVN.

Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHCA) is a lignan isolated from calabash that inhibits osteoclast differentiation and oophorectomy induced bone loss by acting as an estrogen receptor agonist.

Galdosol is a natural product found in Perovskia abrotanoides.